[
  {
    "gene": "TaCBF-A15",
    "locus": "Fr-A2",
    "marker": "SNP",
    "chr": "5A",
    "species": "wheat",
    "type": "operational",
    "frost": "20–40",
    "notes": "Distinguishes frost-tolerant from frost-sensitive wheat"
  },
  {
    "gene": "WCS120",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "wheat",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "120 kDa dehydrin; accumulation correlates with LT50"
  },
  {
    "gene": "TaCOR410",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "6A",
    "species": "wheat",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Acidic dehydrin; lipid membrane stabilization during freeze-thaw cycles"
  },
  {
    "gene": "HvCBF cluster",
    "locus": "Fr-H2",
    "marker": "HvCBF4",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "barley",
    "type": "gene",
    "frost": "~20",
    "notes": "Strongest association with freezing survival in barley"
  },
  {
    "gene": "Dhn3",
    "locus": "Fr-H1",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "near Fr-H1",
    "species": "barley",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "K-segment cryoprotectant"
  },
  {
    "gene": "Dhn1",
    "locus": "Fr-H1",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "near Fr-H1",
    "species": "barley",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "K-segment cryoprotectant; clusters near Fr-H1"
  },
  {
    "gene": "Dhn9",
    "locus": "Fr-H1",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "near Fr-H1",
    "species": "barley",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "K-segment cryoprotectant"
  },
  {
    "gene": "HVM3",
    "locus": "Fr-H1",
    "marker": "SSR",
    "chr": "5H",
    "species": "barley",
    "type": "SSR",
    "frost": "~30",
    "notes": "Tags Fr-H1/H2; widely used in barley breeding"
  },
  {
    "gene": "ScDhn1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "5R",
    "species": "rye",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Single dominant haplotype; cryoprotective K-segment; frost-responsive"
  },
  {
    "gene": "ScCBF cluster",
    "locus": "Fr-R2",
    "marker": "CBFIIIa-6.2",
    "chr": "5R",
    "species": "rye",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "CBF gene at Fr-R2; significant for winter field survival"
  },
  {
    "gene": "ScCBF cluster",
    "locus": "Fr-R2",
    "marker": "CBFIVa-2.2",
    "chr": "5R",
    "species": "rye",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "CBF gene at Fr-R2; significant for winter field survival"
  },
  {
    "gene": "ScIce2",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "SNP",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "rye",
    "type": "association",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "ICE transcription factor; significant SNPs in frost tolerance association"
  },
  {
    "gene": "ScICE1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "bHLH",
    "chr": "5R",
    "species": "rye",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Rye ICE1; activates ScCBF cluster; upstream of Fr-R2 regulon"
  },
  {
    "gene": "QTL-FT-Mrg02",
    "locus": "QTL-FT-Mrg02",
    "marker": "GWAS",
    "chr": "Mrg02",
    "species": "oat",
    "type": "GWAS",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Additional frost tolerance QTL; significant in European oat panel"
  },
  {
    "gene": "QTL-FT-1B",
    "locus": "QTL-FT-1B",
    "marker": "DArT+SSR",
    "chr": "1B",
    "species": "triticale",
    "type": "QTL",
    "frost": ">10%",
    "notes": "Major QTL on 1B; 22 linkage groups mapped"
  },
  {
    "gene": "FpCBF6",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "CBF",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "meadow fescue",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Festuca pratensis CBF6; ortholog of wheat TaCBF14; linked to freezing tolerance"
  },
  {
    "gene": "LpAFP",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "AFP",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "perennial ryegrass",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Antifreeze protein; NIP domain; ice crystal adsorption"
  },
  {
    "gene": "VvICE1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "candidate",
    "chr": "7",
    "species": "grape",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "ICE transcription factor; regulates CBF pathway; overexpression enhances cold tolerance"
  },
  {
    "gene": "LcICE-LcCBF-LcCOR",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "pathway",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "haskap",
    "type": "pathway",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "ABA and ICE-CBF-COR signaling for freezing tolerance to -47C"
  },
  {
    "gene": "LcLEA1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "LEA Group III",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "haskap",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Late embryogenesis abundant protein; cryoprotective in dehydrated tissue"
  },
  {
    "gene": "VcDREB1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "candidate",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "blueberry",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "DREB/CBF homolog; cold-responsive AP2 domain transcription factor"
  },
  {
    "gene": "VcICE1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "bHLH",
    "chr": "chr5",
    "species": "blueberry",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Vaccinium ICE transcription factor; activates VcCBF regulon"
  },
  {
    "gene": "RiDhn1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "raspberry",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Rubus idaeus dehydrin; accumulates in canes during autumn cold acclimation"
  },
  {
    "gene": "RcDHN1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "cloudberry",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Rubus chamaemorus dehydrin; K2-type; cryoprotective in subarctic conditions"
  },
  {
    "gene": "HrDHN1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "sea buckthorn",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Hippophae dehydrin; Y2K-type; accumulates during autumn in Scandinavian ecotypes"
  },
  {
    "gene": "HrLEA1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "LEA Group III",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "sea buckthorn",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Hippophae LEA protein; dehydration protection in bark and bud tissue"
  },
  {
    "gene": "FaDHN1",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "2B",
    "species": "strawberry",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Fragaria ananassa dehydrin; K-segment accumulation in crown during hardening"
  },
  {
    "gene": "FaCBF2",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "candidate",
    "chr": "6A",
    "species": "strawberry",
    "type": "candidate",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Second Fragaria CBF paralog; constitutive expression in cold-hardy genotypes"
  },
  {
    "gene": "PpDhn3",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "peach",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Specifically upregulated by low temperature in bark tissue"
  },
  {
    "gene": "PmLEA10",
    "locus": "",
    "marker": "dehydrin",
    "chr": "",
    "species": "Prunus mume",
    "type": "functional",
    "frost": "",
    "notes": "Overexpression in tobacco enhanced freezing tolerance; lipid bilayer modification"
  }
]